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Alfred Binet
A French Pyschologist, who was commisioned along with his partner Theodore Simon to figure which students had the most difficulty in school. Through his observations and questions to the Children, Binet realized that different children were at different mental ages, or abilities children of a certain age group should preform. He also created the standard intelligence test still used which is the bases of all intelligence test today, called the Binet-Simon scale.
Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/int-history.htm
Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/int-history.htm